To attract applicability of S. 34 prosecution is under obligation to establish that there existed common intention which requires prearranged plan. Before a person can be vicariously convicted for criminal act of another, act must have been done in furtherance of common intention of all. In absence of prearranged plan and thus a common intention, even if several persons simultaneously attack the man each one of them would be individually liable for whatever injury he caused and none could be vicariously convicted for act of any or the other. Thus, it is necessary either to have direct proof of prior concert or proof of circumstances which necessarily lead to that inference and incriminating facts must be incompatible with innocence of accused and incapable of explanation or any other reasonable hypothesis.
[Indrapal Singh v. State of U.P., (2022) 4 SCC 631]